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This story comes to us from our partners at聽, a project that brings the work of immigrant journalists to digital news sites and public radio.

While in quarantine at her Jacksonville, Florida, home last summer, Dr. Johanne Belizaire watched social justice protests spring up all across the United States. As calls grew for Americans to confront racism after the police killing of George Floyd, Belizaire, who is a Haitian-American health consultant, posted on a Haitian women鈥檚 forum that Haitians needed to examine their own biases.

鈥淭he battle has to be fought on so many fronts,鈥� said Belizaire. 鈥淭here鈥檚 racism, and [then there鈥檚] colorism [which] is a subtopic. It鈥檚 not a conversation between Black and White, it鈥檚 a conversation between Black people.鈥�

In the U.S. racism is framed predominantly as discrimination by Whites against Black and Brown people. But in other countries, particularly throughout the Caribbean, Asia, Latin America, and Africa, where the population is primarily Black and Brown, bigotry often appears in the form of .

This type of skin-color-based discrimination leads to preferential treatment and often greater political and economic power for lighter skinned people, and disadvantages for those with darker skin. Long before  with Oprah Winfrey highlighted the term to millions, colorism had been a companion-plague to racism.

Conversations around colorism are not new.

Over the past year, immigrants in the U.S. like Belizaire have started to examine their own racist and colorist beliefs. Last February, , a New York-based newspaper, held a community conversation about  in which Belizaire participated. 无码视频 and more immigrants of color are engaging in self-reflection in the hope of moving their communities forward on strong footing on issues of racism.

Conversations around colorism are not new. What is different this time is that those conversations are happening within a deeper context of anti-Blackness and its relation to other oppressive constructs鈥攕uch as ,  and 鈥攁nd a desire by many to change those longstanding beliefs.

For example, last August a Chicago-based Muslim woman named  started a  as one way to combat colorism among those in her community who are looking for prospective mates. 

Speaking to The Washington Post about how taken aback she was upon seeing colorism in matchmaking among Muslims, Diallo said, 鈥淛ust the fact people are so blatant about that, it really does hit home, especially during the time we were going through in our community and the world.鈥�

Colorism is a global phenomenon.

Another example is a group called the Antiracist Accountability Group for Latinx People that began holding virtual sessions for non-Black Latinx people. The organization鈥檚 goal, as per its , was to 鈥渦nlearn, ask questions, and hold ourselves accountable for the harms and hurt we鈥檝e caused.鈥�

To help people have conversations with their families, individuals in a variety of spaces are creating resources to fill the void. For example, Dr. Maricela Becerra, also known by her Instagram handle , created a in Spanish that defines key terms to support discussions about colorism within the Latinx community that revolve around topics like police brutality, White privilege, systemic racism, and Black Lives Matter.

Yuki Yamazaki, a psychotherapist and Ph.D. candidate in counseling psychology focuses on multiracial issues and colorism in her therapy sessions. She reports that some of her Asian-American clients and colleagues are discussing racism at length. 鈥淲e鈥檙e seeing how we鈥檙e pitted against each other to serve a White supremacy system,鈥� said Yamazaki, who is based in Brooklyn. 鈥淭here鈥檚 a whole resurgence of talking about racism internally. In therapy sessions, people are asking, 鈥楬ow do I talk to my parents about this?鈥欌��   

The shift among her clients toward addressing racism intentionally within families points to an opportunity for academics and health care providers to formalize such discourses. Yamazaki said, 鈥淔or a long time, it [racism] has been a Black and White issue. But in the last year and a half, there鈥檚 been so many trigger points.鈥� She added, 鈥淚t feels like every group has a reason to be talking about this.鈥�

Colorism Is Everywhere

鈥淐olorism is a global phenomenon,鈥� said Dr. Jasmine Haywood, strategy director at , an Indianapolis-based foundation focused on preparing students for success beyond high school. Colorism typically includes prejudices about one鈥檚 social status, education, religion, and attractiveness based on skin shade. The biases run so deep that  and  supplies, often harmful, are a mainstay on beauty store shelves and in advertisements aimed at Black and Brown consumers.

Recently, colorism made headlines when  the film adaptation of Lin-Manuel Miranda鈥檚 Broadway musical In The Heights received  for not including darker-skinned Afro-Latinx actors in lead roles. A  of the residents of Washington Heights鈥攖he Manhattan neighborhood portrayed in the film鈥攊dentify as Afro-Latinx. However, in a piece she wrote for , Haywood said the film 鈥渆xemplified the ugly colorism鈥� she has seen in Latinx communities.

Tracing colorism to the history of colonialism, Haywood said, 鈥淭his is something very intentional and ingrained in the fabric of particular cultures and ethnicities.鈥� She explained, 鈥淚t was intentional and ingrained by colonizers. In the case of Haiti, it was the French. In the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and other Spanish-speaking countries, it was Spain.鈥�

Research shows that this 鈥� runs wide and deep across the globe with particular prevalence in regions with a legacy of colonialism such as the Caribbean and also in parts of . When people migrate to the U.S., they often bring  with them from their homeland. Many immigrants, including Belizaire, have said they didn鈥檛 think of themselves as 鈥淏lack鈥� in the American sense until they moved here.

Unlearning Racism and Colorism in the U.S.

The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare health inequities along racial lines. Furthermore, the murder of George Floyd has forced White America to look at racism and pushed non-White Americans to examine anti-Black and anti-Asian hate. 鈥淭his past year of social unrest has definitely created a heightened awareness of racism and colorism,鈥� Haywood said. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 something you have to constantly rid yourself of. It鈥檚 everywhere. It鈥檚 in the air that we breathe.鈥�

Most recently, colorism came up the assassination of Haiti鈥檚 president Jovenel Mo茂se.  colorism may have even been a factor in the slaying because Mo茂se鈥檚 policies appeared to favor darker-skinned Haitians at the expense of the country鈥檚 lighter-skinned economic elite.

Yamazaki said she has seen a greater willingness to have more nuanced discussions about race among her patients and colleagues and even within her family. She explained, 鈥淣ow, we鈥檙e having more intersectional conversations,鈥� that include 鈥渆thnicity, immigration status, gender, sexual orientation, religion, colorism.鈥� She added, 鈥淵ou look at those intersections, and you start to see how that actually plays out.鈥� 

According to Yamazaki and Haywood, conversations with family members are a valuable starting point. Many Black and Brown people don鈥檛 realize how their long-held attitudes reflect racism, colorism and anti-Blackness. Pointing out ways in which these issues are related can help immigrants see some of their own beliefs in the context of White supremacy.

One group in particular that requires a special approach is older immigrants who may have learned attitudes from childhood that perpetuate anti-Blackness, Haywood said.

鈥淵ou need to start within your own family circle,鈥� she said. You have to start the conversation there, at the dinner table, with your siblings, with your parents, with your children. 

In many cultures, simply questioning an elder person鈥檚 beliefs or statements could be deemed offensive. Haywood says it is up to each person to point out when someone in the family espouses racist or colorist views. Haywood offers advice to younger immigrants when interacting with their older relatives such as asking questions when things have a tone of colorism, [like] 鈥淲hat do you mean by that?鈥� or 鈥淲ho are you referring to?鈥�

For health consultant Belizaire, progress on tackling colorism will be slow, but it must start with continuing the conversation within immigrant communities. 鈥淲e have to be comfortable with our own skin to talk about it,鈥� she said.