Analysis Based on factual reporting, although it incorporates the expertise of the author/producer and may offer interpretations and conclusions.
What Does Joe Manchin Want? Ask a West Virginian
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For the past several months, U.S. Sen. Joe Manchin has been the subject of national and international headlines alike. With the tight Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate, the moderate Democrat from West Virginia, first elected in 2010, has had a spotlight on his ability to make or break legislation being presented by the president鈥檚 party.
That spotlight has only become brighter in the recent weeks as the Senate has considered federal voting legislation in the wake of state legislatures鈥� attempts to restrict voting rights in many places across the country and talk of making changes to the filibuster鈥攁 legislative process that allows Senators to debate, delay, or even prevent a vote鈥攖o make it easier for Democrats to push their policy agenda through. Every morning, I鈥檝e turned on NPR鈥檚 Morning Edition to hear the hosts utter that name鈥斺�淛oe Manchin鈥濃�攁nd attempt to suss out his motivations, to help their national audience understand him.
This article was originally published by , a nonprofit, collaborative newsroom telling the complex stories of the region that deserve to be heard.
As someone who once led the coverage of West Virginia politics for a statewide media outlet, I think it鈥檚 a little surreal when these blips of interest in our state and its politicians pop up. We鈥檙e not an Electoral College heavy hitter by any means, so coverage of our politics is sparse. And these are people I closely covered for years, who knew me by name, who called my personal cell from theirs to tell me they鈥檇 miss my work when I decided to move on from that job.
What isn鈥檛 surreal, though, and instead is frustrating, is to listen as national news hosts and commentators discuss these people, their politics, and their motivations as if they understand them, as if they get West Virginia politics. I so respect you, Rachel Martin, and all of your colleagues, but here鈥檚 what you鈥攁nd the rest of the country鈥攄on鈥檛 get about the senior senator from West Virginia.
A West Virginia Democrat: A History Lesson
Ask any political reporter in West Virginia why Joe Manchin seems to find himself at the center of negotiations in Washington time and time again, and they鈥檒l likely tell you the same thing: A West Virginia Democrat is not the same as a Democrat. To understand Manchin, you must understand what a Democrat has historically been in his home state.
First, some election history. It may shock folks who have only recently (like in the past dozen or so years) started paying attention to politics, but despite the intense redness we鈥檙e now experiencing, West Virginia has not traditionally been a red state鈥攏ot on the national, state, or local level.
It is true that since 2000, West Virginia has consistently been won by the Republican candidate for president. But between 1932 (when FDR won his first term in the office) and 2000, only three presidential elections here were won by a Republican: Eisenhower in 鈥�56, Nixon in 鈥�72 and Reagan in 鈥�84. Otherwise, this state went blue for nearly 68 years. That鈥檚 not nothing.
In the governor鈥檚 office, the state experienced a similar trend. To compare apples to apples, from 1932 to 2000, West Virginia elected Republican governors five times, but those five terms were served by only two individuals, Cecil Underwood for a term in 鈥�57 and then again in 鈥�97, and Arch Moore鈥攖he father of Joe Manchin鈥檚 Senate colleague, Shelley Moore Capito鈥攆or two terms in 1969 and again for a term in 鈥�85.
Then there鈥檚 the West Virginia Legislature. When I started covering the legislative body in 2012, Democrats didn鈥檛 just kind of have a majority in both chambers, they had a foothold. The party held 28 of the 34 seats in the state Senate and 65 of 100 in the House. Honestly, it made for a pretty boring couple of legislative sessions for a new political reporter. But everything changed .
In what was an unexpected outcome for this native West Virginian, Republicans took control of the state Legislature for the first time in 83 years. Eight decades. They won the House of Delegates outright and with an evenly split Senate on election night, the GOP was able to take hold of the second chamber when a Democratic senator switched parties the next day.
At the national level in 2014, Republicans also took over the state鈥檚 three seats in Congress for the first time since 1921鈥�93 years. It was a red wave. One that I can promise you Joe Manchin wasn鈥檛 ready for.
That鈥檚 because for literal decades (as noted above) West Virginia Democrats were able to maintain their almost universal control of state politics by casting the widest net possible. Everybody had a place under the party鈥檚 tent, even people who held beliefs in opposition to the national party, such as folks who were anti-abortion or against gay marriage. A West Virginia Democrat was basically just a West Virginian, someone who leans a little fiscally and socially conservative, but rallies around our strong labor history to support blue-collar workers and unions.
As I covered elections in 2012 and 2014 in the state, voters told me things like, 鈥淚n West Virginia, we vote Democrat because there aren鈥檛 any other options,鈥� or, 鈥淢y grandfather voted Democrat, my father voted Democrat, so I vote Democrat.鈥� But in 2014, we experienced in full force the trickling down of national politics to the state and then later local elections (brought on by social media and shifts in access to information, whether fact or fiction).
Some West Virginians started to see their positions being better reflected in the talking points of Republican national candidates in the mid-2010s, and as they changed the way they were voting at the top of the ticket, they found themselves voting for change down the ballot as well.
Earlier this week, I spoke with a talk radio show producer in New York City whose show was considering doing a segment on Manchin. She asked: Is Joe Manchin the only kind of Democrat that could win in West Virginia right now? Is it his conservative values that have allowed him to maintain his popularity at home?
My answer was yeah, of course. But that鈥檚 not the only reason.
See, what national media don鈥檛 see is that Joe Manchin is a known entity in West Virginia. The Manchin family is a political dynasty in this state; he has held an office almost consecutively since 1982 (probably don鈥檛 ask him about that 鈥�96 run for governor, the only election he鈥檚 ever lost). I can鈥檛 find any publicly available polling about his name recognition in West Virginia, but I鈥檇 bet a pretty penny that it鈥檚 close to universal. That cannot be underestimated.
Yes, Manchin has had an easy time winning elections time and time again, and his position as a moderate Democrat likely has helped maintain his appeal for voters who have always leaned a little more conservative, but in 2018, his re-election results show that Manchin鈥檚 popularity is starting to ebb at home, too.
He won by just 3% of the vote, some 19,000 out of more than a half-million ballots. And as the national party starts to swing even further to the left, I believe we鈥檒l see people in West Virginia become even more disillusioned with Democrats in general, making it more difficult for Manchin to get elected again.
A Lasting Influence or Grip? Depends on Who You Ask
Although Manchin is a tried-and-true West Virginia Democrat, it鈥檚 also true that he has had鈥攁nd continues to have鈥攕ignificant influence on what that means in the Mountain State. For some, Manchin鈥檚 continued involvement in the state Democratic Party since his move to Washington has meant that the party has been able to hold on to offices that it perhaps wouldn鈥檛 have for just a bit longer (although those are becoming fewer with each election). For others, it means he鈥檚 holding the party back.
Manchin has long been criticized by political insiders in West Virginia for hand-selecting the state Democratic Party Chair (usually from his home county) and having significant influence since his time holding the office himself on who becomes the party鈥檚 candidate for governor. Political reporters here could see this influence on the ground every gubernatorial election cycle. We鈥檇 watch as Manchin鈥檚 longtime campaign director and close friend would take the job helping to lead the efforts of his candidate of choice early on, backing him (it鈥檚 always been a him) with additional shared campaign staff, access to, or at the very least connections to, polling resources, and after the primary cycle and their official ordination, appearances on the campaign trail itself.
Manchin鈥檚 chosen candidates and party leaders tend to be more centrist in their political leanings鈥攖raditional, old-school West Virginia Democrats in every sense. That has upset the more progressive鈥攁lbeit much smaller鈥攚ing of the state party.
A former state party vice chair known in 2016 after he was criticized and then ousted from his post for backing the presidential primary winner in the state, Bernie Sanders, at the national convention rather than Manchin鈥檚 chosen Hillary Clinton.
But how much longer that influence actually matters (as I mentioned before) is anybody鈥檚 guess.
The Pressure of 鈥楲egacy鈥�
Another lens through which West Virginians understand Manchin that national media tend to overlook is by knowing who came before. Manchin holds the seat of the longest-serving senator in U.S. history, Democrat Robert C. Byrd, and served alongside (for a short time) another Senate great, Jay Rockefeller.
For Manchin, the shadows of these two men surely loom large. Both (although Byrd鈥檚 history is certainly more colorful) were known for their commitment to working in a bipartisan manner, bringing members of their chamber together across the aisle to do what was right for the country.
Both rallied Congress around significant shifts in policy in their time. Byrd was known as the rules man; he essentially wrote and rewrote Senate rules on order and the filibuster in his 51 years in the body, and also knew better than anyone how to work the system to bring millions of dollars of federal investments to the state to the continued benefit of West Virginians.
Rockefeller, who spent 31 years in the chamber, has said his most prized accomplishments included authoring legislation to create CHIP (the Children鈥檚 Health Insurance Program) and helping shepherd the passage of the Affordable Care Act, just to name a few of the more than 2,000 pieces of just health care-related policy he had his hands on.
Both were true statesmen鈥攁 designation that I would argue few politicians in Washington and any other Capitol deserve today. The legacy of both, and how his own legacy will compare, must weigh heavy on Manchin.
You can argue that Manchin is refuting parts of Byrd鈥檚 legacy. is that Byrd himself attempted to change the filibuster on several occasions to benefit his own policy priorities, campaign finance reform among them. And while this is true of Byrd, it is certainly easy to overlook when you take the place of one of the nation鈥檚 most prolific politicians.
he is protecting Byrd鈥檚 legacy by refusing to vote for changes to the Senate filibuster, by refusing to make it easier for his party or any other in power to make sweeping policy changes without bipartisan support. So, while it may not be exactly true, can you blame the man now standing in Byrd鈥檚 shadow for thinking so?
In all likelihood, we鈥檙e seeing the final term of Joe Manchin in office, whether it鈥檚 by choice or forced by changes in the politics of his state and the country at large. But for the foreseeable future, he will continue to hold (a perhaps outsized) power as that swing vote making President Biden鈥檚 policy priorities a success or failure in his first four years.
Call it a power grab if you must, but from a West Virginian鈥檚 perspective, it looks more like hanging on for dear life. 
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